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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Food safety is a significant issue of global concern. Consumer safety and government regulations drive the need for the accurate analysis of food contaminants, residues and other chemical constituents of concern. Traditional methods for the detection of food contaminants often present challenges, including lengthy processing times and food matrix interference; they often require expensive equipment, skilled personnel or have limitations in sensitivity or specificity. Developing novel analytical methods that are sensitive, specific, accurate and rapid is therefore crucial for ensuring food safety and the protection of consumers. The immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) method offers a promising solution in the analysis of food contaminants by combining the specificity of conventional immunological methods with the exponential sensitivity of PCR amplification. This review evaluates the current state of IPCR methods, describes a variety of existing IPCR formats and explores their application in the analysis of food contaminants, including pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, viruses, mycotoxins, allergens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, pesticides, antibiotics and other food contaminants. Depending on the type of analyte, either sandwich or competitive format IPCR methods are predominantly used. This review also examines limitations of current IPCR methods and explores potential advancements for future implementation in the field of food safety.

Details

Title
Immuno-PCR in the Analysis of Food Contaminants
Author
Radomirović, Mirjana 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gligorijević, Nikola 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Rajković, Andreja 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 
 Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] 
 Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent University Global Campus, Ghent University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; University of Belgrade—Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia 
First page
3091
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
16616596
e-ISSN
14220067
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3188855666
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.