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Introduction
Mobile phones serve as breeding grounds, making them perfect platforms for disease distribution by simple microbial dispersal in the environment, public spaces, and the workplace, or through self-inoculation through contact with one’s phone and face.1 It has been shown that healthcare personnel’s cell phones can act as nosocomial infection reservoirs.2 One of the most necessary accessories for social and professional life nowadays is mobile phones (MPs). Despite their many advantages, MPs provide an excellent habitat for infectious diseases inside communities.3 During their internships at hospitals or clinical laboratories, health sciences majors’ students and laboratory personnel utilize their MPs to snap images during their practices, answer calls, text messages, or access material from their field of expertise.4 Cross-contamination is more likely when MPs are used often in a variety of locations, particularly if there are no standard safety procedures or hygiene safeguards in place; should infections be found on MPs’ surface, they may spread to the user’s skin, other surfaces, or food, where they may thrive and multiplicate. Therefore, the recent research on MPs has mostly focused on nosocomial pathogen transmission and hospital-acquired illnesses.5-6
The use of technology in aiding students’ learning has grown significantly in recent years since it appears that technology will play a major part in higher education. The utilization of technology and innovations in Education 4.0 is anticipated to offer substantial benefits to higher education establishments in Malaysia. With the advent of new technologies like paper-thin cellphones, AI, and QR codes, kids will have more time to study and develop new abilities.3 Although hand-washing helps humans lower the microbial burdens on their hands, people use their mobile phones without thinking about disinfection since they are exposed to more environmental factors.2 Mobile phones frequently come into close contact with infected human body parts during phone conversations, including the hands, mouth, nose, and ears. According to a recent assessment, roughly 90.7% of Nigeria’s population, or 205.4 million cellular mobile connections, were active as of early 2024.7 Mobile phones serve as breeding grounds, making them perfect platforms for disease spreading by simple microbial dispersal in the environment, public spaces, or the workplace, or through self-inoculation through contact with one’s phone and face.2
While several microbes...