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Abstract
Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization—that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life—as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as “disgust”, “hurt”, and “respect’). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.
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1 Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, 3052 , Australia
2 Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, 1075 BT , The Netherlands
3 Department of Psychology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089 , USA
4 Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, H2L 2C4 , Canada
5 Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu , Tartu, 50090 , Estonia
6 Department of Educational, Organizational and Social Psychology, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
7 Department of Psychology, Cheikh Anta Diop University , Dakar, 10700 , Senegal
8 CLLE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse, 31058 , France
9 Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, 00-183 , Poland
10 Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, 10330 , Thailand
11 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabanci University , Istanbul, 34956 , Turkey
12 Serra Húnter Fellow, Department of Psychology, University of Girona , Girona, 17004 , Spain
13 Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan, 20126 , Italy
14 Department of Psychology, University of Latvia , Riga, LV-1586 , Latvia
15 Departamento Académico de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú , Lima, 15088 , Peru
16 Psychology Department, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 2017 , South Africa
17 School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington, 6012 , New Zealand
18 Department of Psychology, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, 66123 , Germany
19 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED , Madrid, 28040 , Spain
20 Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, 8331150 , Chile
21 Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University , Kunitachi, 186-8601 , Japan
22 Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, The Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava, 814 38 , Slovakia
23 School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, IL 62901 , USA
24 Department of Psychology, University of San Carlos , Cebu City, 6000 , Philippines
25 School of Psychology, Swansea University , Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP , UK
26 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven, 3000 , Belgium
27 School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, Scotland , UK
28 School of Liberal Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi, 43600 , Malaysia
29 Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University , Lancaster, England, LA1 4YW , UK
30 Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago , Chicago, IL, 60607 , USA
31 Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria , Nsukka, 410105 , Nigeria
32 Department of Clinical Psychology, National University of Medical Sciences , Rawalpindi, 46220 , Pakistan
33 Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 , Canada
34 Institute for Sociological Political and Juridical Research, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje , Skopje, 1000 , Macedonia
35 Department of Psychology, Yonsei University , Seoul, 03722 , South Korea
36 Psychology Department, The University of Texas , Austin, TX, 78712 , USA
37 Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore , 119077 , Singapore
38 Departamento de Psicologia, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa, 58051-900 , Brazil
39 School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN , UK
40 Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL , Lisbon, 1649-026 , Portugal
41 Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv, 01033 , Ukraine
42 School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433 , China
43 Department of Psychology, Lingnan University , Tuen Mun, Hong Kong , China