Therapeutic actions of terpenes in neurodegenerative disorders and their correlations with the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge, mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive, sensory, and motor functions. Currently, available therapies focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing the progression of these conditions, but they do not yet offer a definitive cure. In this scenario, terpenes emerge as promising natural alternatives due to their neuroprotective properties. These compounds can reduce the formation of protein aggregates, neutralize free radicals, and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes, which are crucial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, terpenes also play an important role in the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, a key target for improving neuronal functions. Substances such as linalool, pinene, and eugenol, among others, have potential therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, the main factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases. Studies suggest that these compounds act on signaling pathways that regulate the extracellular matrix, improving neuronal integrity and, consequently, cognitive and motor function. This work aims to review the potential of terpenes in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, with emphasis on their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix. The interaction between these mechanisms points to the promising use of terpenes as an innovative and natural therapeutic approach to combat these diseases.