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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Quinoa, considered a superfood, is grown in the high Andean zones of Peru and Bolivia. The competitiveness, organizational capacity, and technological level of the producers limit their production. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of competitiveness on the performance of quinoa producer associations in the high Andes. The study was developed in the production period of 2022–2023 and considered associations of quinoa producers from different localities. The correlation between competitiveness (corporate identity, resources, and potential) and production performance (financial and non-financial) was studied. The data were collected through a questionnaire with closed questions and a Likert scale and presented normal distribution, and a one-factor ANOVA, Pearson′s correlation, and PCA at 5% significance were applied. Twenty-three quinoa producer associations were identified with 15 years of organic quinoa production of the varieties of Blanca de Junín, Choclito, Pasankalla, Negra, and Roja, with production ranging from 17 to 40.8 tons grown in a semi-mechanized way. It was observed that the general competitiveness of the associations was rated as moderately inadequate despite good performance; this behavior was more marked in the associations in urban areas such as Andahuaylas and San Jeronimo. Urban quinoa associations have higher quality than rural ones. Competitiveness is limited by a lack of human resources training, government commitment, and strategic alliances, which predicts low sustainability.

Details

Title
High Andean Association Producers of Organic Quinoa: A Sustainability Study Based on Competitiveness and Performance
Author
Villegas-Casaverde Medalit 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Prado-Canchari Alfredo 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Choque-Quispe Katia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Aguirre-Landa, John Peter 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Agreda-Cerna Henrry Wilfredo 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Reynoso-Canicani, Delma Diana 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mescco Cáceres Edwin 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Coral Surco Rosa Gabriela 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Valverde Mamani Grecia 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Tapia, Tadeo Fidelia 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Loayza-Céspedes, Julio C 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Business Administration Academic Department, José María Arguedas National University, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; [email protected] (A.P.-C.); [email protected] (J.P.A.-L.); [email protected] (H.W.A.-C.); [email protected] (E.M.C.); [email protected] (G.V.M.) 
 Accounting and Finance Academic Department, José María Arguedas National University, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; [email protected] (K.C.-Q.); [email protected] (D.D.R.-C.); [email protected] (R.G.C.S.) 
 Agroindustrial Engineering, José María Arguedas National University, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; [email protected] 
 Agropecuary Engineering Academic Department, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru; [email protected] 
First page
3929
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20711050
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3203249282
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.