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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

With the widespread application of ozone technology in agricultural plant protection, developing an ozonated water atomizer that integrates efficient mixing and precise spraying has been recognized as a significant challenge. Swirling flow is considered a method to enhance hydrodynamics and mass transfer in gas–liquid mixing. This study innovatively combines an axial nozzle with a swirling mixing chamber, utilizing the negative pressure generated by the high-speed central airflow at the nozzle throat as the driving force for swirling mixing and initial atomization, completing mass transfer and preliminary atomization before the formation of the mist, thereby improving gas–liquid contact and mass transfer efficiency. Through numerical simulations, the impact of geometric parameters at key locations on the internal flow of the atomizer was analyzed. The optimized inlet diameter of the atomizer was found to be 9 mm, with a throat length of 3 mm and a self-priming hole diameter of 1.5 mm. Experimental results on droplet size and ozone droplet concentration verified that at the optimal spraying pressure of 0.6 MPa, a concentration of up to 3.73 mg·L−1 with an average droplet size of 102 µm, evenly distributed, could be generated at a distance of 40 cm from the target. This work provides a technological framework for advancing precision ozone-based plant protection, aligning with global efforts to reduce agrochemical footprints through innovative application systems. It offers theoretical guidance and data support for the development and design of high-efficiency ozone atomizers in agricultural applications, aiming to minimize the use of agricultural chemicals and promote the growth of green plant protection technologies.

Details

Title
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Fluid Swirling Mixing Atomizer for Efficient Generation of Ozonated Droplets in Agricultural Applications
Author
Hu Xinkang 1 ; Zhang, Bo 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Xu, Xiaohong 2 ; Chang, Zhongwei 1 ; Wang, Xu 1 ; Wu Chundu 3 

 School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] (X.H.); [email protected] (Z.C.); [email protected] (X.W.), Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-Sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 
 School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] 
 School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] (X.H.); [email protected] (Z.C.); [email protected] (X.W.), Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-Sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] 
First page
1082
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20734395
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3211846698
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.