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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Background: Maternal nutrition during early gestation induces metabolic adaptations that support maternal health and fetal development. This study evaluated the effects of maternal one-carbon metabolite (OCM: methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) supplementation and restricted rates of maternal gain on the hepatic lipid profiles of dams and fetuses at day 63 of gestation. Methods: Thirty-one crossbred Angus heifers were inseminated and assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with two factors: maternal dietary intake (control [CON]; 0.60 kg/day average daily gain [ADG] vs. restricted [RES]; −0.23 kg/day ADG) and OCM supplementation (supplemented [+OCM] vs. not supplemented [−OCM]). The four resulting groups (CON − OCM, CON + OCM, RES − OCM, RES + OCM) were maintained for 63 days post-breeding. Maternal and fetal liver samples were collected, and lipidomic profiling was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass-spectrometry. Results: In maternal liver, 485 lipid metabolites were detected, with 243 differing significantly in maternal gain. RES heifers showed increased levels (p ≤ 0.05) of acylcarnitines, plasmalogens, lysoplasmalogens, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. Additionally, RES combined with OCM supplementation led to the accumulation of secondary bile acids and a depletion of monoacylglycerols (p ≤ 0.05) in maternal liver. In fetal liver, 487 lipid metabolites were detected, but treatment effects were minimal. Conclusions: Maternal rate of gain significantly influenced hepatic lipid metabolism in the maternal liver, while fetal liver lipid profiles remained relatively unaffected. These findings underscore the significant role of dietary intake/rate of gain compared with OCM supplementation in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight the maternal liver’s metabolic adaptations during early pregnancy.

Details

Title
Early Gestational Hepatic Lipidomic Profiles Are Modulated by One-Carbon Metabolite Supplementation and Nutrient Restriction in Beef Heifers and Fetuses
Author
Safain Kazi Sarjana 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Crouse, Matthew S 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Syring, Jessica G 1 ; Entzie, Yssi L 1 ; King, Layla E 3 ; Ward, Alison K 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Reynolds, Lawrence P 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Borowicz, Pawel P 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Dahlen, Carl R 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Swanson, Kendall C 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Caton, Joel S 1 

 Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; [email protected] (J.G.S.); [email protected] (Y.L.E.); [email protected] (L.P.R.); [email protected] (P.P.B.); [email protected] (C.R.D.); [email protected] (K.C.S.); [email protected] (J.S.C.) 
 USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA; [email protected] 
 Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, MN 56716, USA; [email protected] 
 Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; [email protected] 
First page
302
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22181989
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3212075302
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.