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Introduction
Among the horticulture crops, fruits and vegetables are the most widely consumed food items. Depending on their nature and method of preparation, these foods are eaten raw, partially cooked, or completely cooked. Throughout the supply chain, wastes from fruits and vegetables might vary greatly based on how they are processed. In both solid and liquid form, the fruit and vegetable processing industries produced 10–60% waste or by-products. The best advantages should be derived from waste material in a way that minimizes financial loss and poses no environmental risks. Due to their perishable nature, fruits and vegetables soon decay. Waste disposal is therefore a major issue as it attracts rats and insects. Physalis peruviana also known as golden berry or goose berry carries edible berry-like fruits which upon consumption results in its calyx being left over as waste1, 2–3.
Genus Physalis (Solanoideae, Solanaceae) includes approximately 120 species distributed mainly in South and North America. Five species of Physalis are found in China. Physalis peruviana (Chinese name: deng-long-guo) is cultivated in China for its edible fruits. Physalis peruviana (goose berry or golden berry) is widely grown in Egypt and is one of the folk edible fruits of Egypt4,5. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat cancer, asthma, malaria, dermatitis, hepatitis, and rheumatism. In addition to its antispasmodic, diuretic, antiseptic, antibacterial, analgesic, sedative, antioxidant, helping to build the optic nerve, throat pain relief, elimination of intestinal parasites, and amoeba. Physalis peruviana has health benefits such as purifying the blood, lowering albumin in the kidneys, rebuilding and fortifying the optic nerves, eradicating intestinal parasites, soothing throat infections, immune system support, diabetes control, digestive health, and digestive health6. Physalis angulata, a folk medicine called as ‘Ku-Zhi’ in Chinese, was used to cure impaludism, tracheitis, dermatitis, rheumatism, and hepatitis, and was also used in Mexico, Indonesia, Peru, and Brazil. In traditional Chinese medical theory, the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi var. franchetii, known as 'Jin-Deng-Long’ in China, were often accepted for the treatment of excessive phlegm, cough, pharyngitis, pemphigus, dysuria, etc. The fruits, calyxes, and leaves of P. philadelphica are used in South American traditional medicine to treat a variety of human diseases. The fruits were used to treat fever,...