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Abstract
Wildlife habitat protection project is the key measure to alleviate the gradual disappearance and fragmentation of wildlife and their living environment in the process of urbanization. Conducting wildlife habitat restoration effectiveness evaluation can provide scientific support for its later maintenance and management which is an effective mechanism to improve the quality of habitat restoration. According to the characteristics of wildlife habitats in Shanghai, 11 evaluation indicators were proposed from four aspects, namely, restoration objectives, habitat environment, biological quality and management capacity for the four typical restoration types of wetlands, birds, frogs and Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) . The evaluation criteria and grading system were set based on hierarchical analysis and expert judgement to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration. The result showed that: (1) The proposed four types of 11 restoration evaluation indexes and criteria can accurately reflect the restoration process and effect of different special habitats in the city. (2) Among the four habitats evaluated, Pengmen Wetland, Wusongjiang Bird Habitat and Yexie Chinese Water Deer Habitat had good restoration performance, especially in terms of vegetation functionality, biodiversity and management effectiveness; however, the restoration effect of Dalianhu Frog Habitat was poor and the expected outcome was not achieved. (3) Urban habitat restoration needs to focus on the integrity of habitat quality, prevent the invasion risk of alien species and improve the level of management. This study can provide an important reference for wildlife habitat restoration in megacities, urban biodiversity conservation and ecological security evaluation.
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