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Abstract
以分布在不同海拔(2 279、3 273、4 452 m)的喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)为供试材料,通过二代测序技术对线粒体基因组序列进行比较分析,挖掘喜马拉雅旱獭低氧适应相关基因。结果表明:不同海拔喜马拉雅旱獭线粒体序列长度之间并无差异,但蛋白质编码基因突变位点个数随海拔增加而增多,ND5基因的突变位点个数和非同义突变位点个数都为最多,其Ka/Ks>1,表明ND5基因存在正选择效应,可作为适应高海拔低氧环境的候选基因。与玉树(海拔4 452 m)相比,乐都(海拔2 279 m)和黄南(海拔3 273 m)的喜马拉雅旱獭亲缘关系相对较近。喜马拉雅旱獭13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸序列共编码氨基酸3 812个,去掉起始密码子和终止密码子后共编码氨基酸3 802个。在20种氨基酸中,Leu的使用率最高,达16.18%,Gys的使用率最低,仅有0.71%。RSCU值>1的密码子有32种,RSCU值<1的密码子有32种,其中AGG的RSCU为0。
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