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Copyright © 2025 Pinaki Bose et al. Applied and Environmental Soil Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of long-term integrated nutrient management (INM) treatments on soil properties, crop productivity and the soil quality index (SQI) in scented rice–potato–groundnut cropping system. A comprehensive evaluation of soil quality indicators was carried out using four different SQI calculation methods: linear additive (SQILA), nonlinear additive (SQINLA), linear weighting (SQILW) and nonlinear weighting (SQINLW). Among all the treatments, the INM approach (T1), which combines 50% recommended NPK from inorganic fertilizer with 50% N from FYM, resulted in the maximum yield for all three crops. Within the organic nutrient management treatments (T2T5), treatment T5, which involved 33% of the recommended nitrogen from various organic sources combined with beneficial microorganisms, showed significantly higher yield. Of the 17 soil quality attributes in the present study, soil organic C (SOC), available N, available S and total soil bacteria count were identified as the most sensitive indicators influencing soil quality. The plots treated solely with organic inputs with biofertilizers yielded the highest SQI values (SQILA—4.01; SQILW—0.71; SQINLA—3.04; SQINLW—0.51), closely followed by the INM-treated plots (SQILA—3.66; SQILW—0.66; SQINLA—2.82; SQINLW—0.47), and both the treatments significantly outperformed other treatments. All four SQIs showed a high correlation with the system of rice equivalent yield (SREY) calculated from all three crops; however, there are significant differences. The weighted linear (SQILW) method proved to be the most sensitive and reliable method for modelling soil quality and predicting crop productivity. The exclusion of biofertilizers from different organic nutrient management options led to 13.36% decline in the SQI value, highlighting the critical role of biofertilizers in maintaining soil health in the scented rice–potato–groundnut system.

Details

Title
Different Organic and Inorganic Sources of Plant Nutrients Influence Soil Health, Leading to Improve the Productivity and Profitability of a Fourteen-Year Long-Term Rice–Potato–Groundnut Cropping Pattern
Author
Bose, Pinaki 1 ; Ray, Manabendra 2 ; Patra, Pulak Kumar 1 ; Dasgupta, Shubhadip 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Saha, Kaushik 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sen, Arup 3 ; Saha, Sushanta 3 ; Poddar, Ratneswar 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chatterjee, Soumitra 4 ; Mukhopadhyay, Swapan Kumar 2 ; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi 5 ; Mohammad Javed Ansari 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Hossain, Akbar 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Environmental Studies Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan West Bengal, 731235 India 
 Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Haringhata West Bengal, 741252 India 
 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Haringhata West Bengal, 741252 India 
 Department of Agricultural Economics Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Haringhata West Bengal, 741252 India 
 Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia 
 Department of Botany Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 244001 India 
 Soil Science Division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200 Bangladesh 
Editor
Wafaa M Abd El Rahim
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISSN
16877667
e-ISSN
16877675
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3225275682
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 Pinaki Bose et al. Applied and Environmental Soil Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/