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Abstract
This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers. Our analysis reveals that 53% of institutions identified data security as a primary concern, followed by lack of clinician trust (50%) and AI bias (44%), which must be addressed to ensure the ethical and effective implementation of GenAI technologies.
Details
Title
Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science
Author
Idnay, Betina 1 ; Xu, Zihan 2 ; Adams, William G. 3 ; Adibuzzaman, Mohammad 4 ; Anderson, Nicholas R. 5 ; Bahroos, Neil 6 ; Bell, Douglas S. 7 ; Bumgardner, Cody 8 ; Campion, Thomas 9 ; Castro, Mario 10 ; Cimino, James J. 11 ; Cohen, I. Glenn 12 ; Dorr, David 4 ; Elkin, Peter L. 13 ; Fan, Jungwei W. 14 ; Ferris, Todd 15 ; Foran, David J. 16 ; Hanauer, David 17 ; Hogarth, Mike 18 ; Huang, Kun 19 ; Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree 20 ; Kandpal, Manoj 21 ; Karnik, Niranjan S. 22 ; Katoch, Avnish 23 ; Lai, Albert M. 24 ; Lambert, Christophe G. 25 ; Li, Lang 26 ; Lindsell, Christopher 27 ; Liu, Jinze 28 ; Lu, Zhiyong 29 ; Luo, Yuan 30 ; McGarvey, Peter 31 ; Mendonca, Eneida A. 32 ; Mirhaji, Parsa 33 ; Murphy, Shawn 34 ; Osborne, John D. 35 ; Paschalidis, Ioannis C. 36 ; Harris, Paul A. 37 ; Prior, Fred 38 ; Shaheen, Nicholas J. 39 ; Shara, Nawar 31 ; Sim, Ida 40 ; Tachinardi, Umberto 41 ; Waitman, Lemuel R. 42 ; Wright, Rosalind J. 43 ; Zai, Adrian H. 44 ; Zheng, Kai 45 ; Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin 46 ; Malin, Bradley A. 37 ; Natarajan, Karthik 1 ; Price II, W. Nicholson 47 ; Zhang, Rui 48 ; Zhang, Yiye 2 ; Xu, Hua 49 ; Bian, Jiang 50 ; Weng, Chunhua 51 ; Peng, Yifan 9
1 Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.239585.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 2675)
2 Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643)
3 Boston University, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558)
4 Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, USA (GRID:grid.5288.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9758 5690)
5 Davis, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA (GRID:grid.27860.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9684)
6 University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.42505.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 6853)
7 Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
8 University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lexington, USA (GRID:grid.266539.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8438)
9 Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643); Weill Cornell Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643)
10 University of Kansas School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.266515.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 0692)
11 University of Alabama, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA (GRID:grid.265892.2) (ISNI:0000000106344187)
12 Harvard University, Harvard Law School, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Cambridge, USA (GRID:grid.38142.3c) (ISNI:000000041936754X)
13 University at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Buffalo, USA (GRID:grid.273335.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9887)
14 Mayo Clinic, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rochester, USA (GRID:grid.66875.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0459 167X)
15 Stanford University, Technology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956)
16 Rutgers Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics, New Brunswick, USA (GRID:grid.516084.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0405 0718)
17 University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Learning Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000000086837370)
18 University of California San Diego, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI), La Jolla, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242)
19 Indiana University, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA (GRID:grid.257413.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2287 3919)
20 University of Colorado, Department of Ophthalmology, CCTSI, Aurora, USA (GRID:grid.257413.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 6429 9558)
21 Rockefeller University, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, USA (GRID:grid.134907.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 1519)
22 University of Illinois Chicago, AI.Health4All Center, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, and Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.185648.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2175 0319)
23 Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, USA (GRID:grid.458418.4); Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Hershey, USA (GRID:grid.458418.4)
24 Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, USA (GRID:grid.4367.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2355 7002)
25 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Division of Translational Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, USA (GRID:grid.266832.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 8502)
26 The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, USA (GRID:grid.261331.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 7943)
27 Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, USA (GRID:grid.26009.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7961)
28 Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Population Health, Richmond, USA (GRID:grid.224260.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0458 8737)
29 National Institutes of Health, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA (GRID:grid.94365.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 5165)
30 Northwestern University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.16753.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 3507)
31 Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, USA (GRID:grid.440590.c)
32 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati, USA (GRID:grid.239573.9) (ISNI:0000 0000 9025 8099)
33 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Translational Research, New York, USA (GRID:grid.251993.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 1997)
34 Mass General Brigham, Department of Neurology, Somerville, USA (GRID:grid.452687.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0378 0997)
35 University of Alabama, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA (GRID:grid.265892.2) (ISNI:0000000106344187)
36 Boston University, College of Engineering and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558)
37 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Nashville, USA (GRID:grid.412807.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9916)
38 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Little Rock, USA (GRID:grid.241054.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 4687 1637)
39 University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000000122483208)
40 San Francisco, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA (GRID:grid.266102.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 6811)
41 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Health Informatics and Data Sciences, Cincinnati, USA (GRID:grid.24827.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 9593)
42 University of Missouri, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Medical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA (GRID:grid.134936.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 3504)
43 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Public Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
44 UMass Chan Medical School, Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Worcester, USA (GRID:grid.168645.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0742 0364)
45 Irvine, Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, USA (GRID:grid.266093.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0668 7243)
46 Columbia University, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729)
47 University of Michigan, Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347)
48 University of Minnesota, Division of Computational Health Sciences, Medical School, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8657)
49 Yale University, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA (GRID:grid.47100.32) (ISNI:0000000419368710)
50 University of Florida, Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); Indiana University, Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, IN, USA (GRID:grid.257410.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0413 3089); Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, USA (GRID:grid.448342.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2287 2027)
51 Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.239585.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 2675); Columbia University, The Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729)
1 Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.239585.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 2675)
2 Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643)
3 Boston University, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558)
4 Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, USA (GRID:grid.5288.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 9758 5690)
5 Davis, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA (GRID:grid.27860.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9684)
6 University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.42505.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 6853)
7 Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
8 University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lexington, USA (GRID:grid.266539.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8438)
9 Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643); Weill Cornell Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, New York, USA (GRID:grid.471410.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 7643)
10 University of Kansas School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.266515.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2106 0692)
11 University of Alabama, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, USA (GRID:grid.265892.2) (ISNI:0000000106344187)
12 Harvard University, Harvard Law School, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Cambridge, USA (GRID:grid.38142.3c) (ISNI:000000041936754X)
13 University at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Buffalo, USA (GRID:grid.273335.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9887)
14 Mayo Clinic, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rochester, USA (GRID:grid.66875.3a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0459 167X)
15 Stanford University, Technology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956)
16 Rutgers Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics, New Brunswick, USA (GRID:grid.516084.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0405 0718)
17 University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Learning Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000000086837370)
18 University of California San Diego, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI), La Jolla, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242)
19 Indiana University, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA (GRID:grid.257413.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2287 3919)
20 University of Colorado, Department of Ophthalmology, CCTSI, Aurora, USA (GRID:grid.257413.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 6429 9558)
21 Rockefeller University, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, USA (GRID:grid.134907.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 1519)
22 University of Illinois Chicago, AI.Health4All Center, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, and Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.185648.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2175 0319)
23 Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, USA (GRID:grid.458418.4); Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Hershey, USA (GRID:grid.458418.4)
24 Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, USA (GRID:grid.4367.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2355 7002)
25 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Division of Translational Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, USA (GRID:grid.266832.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 8502)
26 The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, USA (GRID:grid.261331.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 7943)
27 Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, USA (GRID:grid.26009.3d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7961)
28 Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Population Health, Richmond, USA (GRID:grid.224260.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0458 8737)
29 National Institutes of Health, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, USA (GRID:grid.94365.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 5165)
30 Northwestern University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.16753.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 3507)
31 Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, USA (GRID:grid.440590.c)
32 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati, USA (GRID:grid.239573.9) (ISNI:0000 0000 9025 8099)
33 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Translational Research, New York, USA (GRID:grid.251993.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 1997)
34 Mass General Brigham, Department of Neurology, Somerville, USA (GRID:grid.452687.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0378 0997)
35 University of Alabama, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA (GRID:grid.265892.2) (ISNI:0000000106344187)
36 Boston University, College of Engineering and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston, USA (GRID:grid.189504.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7558)
37 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Nashville, USA (GRID:grid.412807.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9916)
38 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Little Rock, USA (GRID:grid.241054.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 4687 1637)
39 University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000000122483208)
40 San Francisco, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA (GRID:grid.266102.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2297 6811)
41 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Health Informatics and Data Sciences, Cincinnati, USA (GRID:grid.24827.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 9593)
42 University of Missouri, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Medical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA (GRID:grid.134936.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2162 3504)
43 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Public Health, New York, USA (GRID:grid.59734.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 2351)
44 UMass Chan Medical School, Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Worcester, USA (GRID:grid.168645.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0742 0364)
45 Irvine, Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, USA (GRID:grid.266093.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0668 7243)
46 Columbia University, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729)
47 University of Michigan, Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347)
48 University of Minnesota, Division of Computational Health Sciences, Medical School, Minneapolis, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8657)
49 Yale University, Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA (GRID:grid.47100.32) (ISNI:0000000419368710)
50 University of Florida, Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); Indiana University, Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, IN, USA (GRID:grid.257410.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0413 3089); Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, USA (GRID:grid.448342.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2287 2027)
51 Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, New York, USA (GRID:grid.239585.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2285 2675); Columbia University, The Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8729)
Pages
4
Publication year
2025
Publication date
Dec 2025
e-ISSN
30051959
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3225849813
Copyright
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2025