Abstract

Litter size is one of the crucial factors in livestock production and is of high economic value, which is affected by ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors. Growth factors play a multifaceted role in reproductive physiology. This review aims to investigate the association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) with litter size in livestock. The transforming growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily includes more than 34 members; GDF9 and BMP15 are among the most significant factors for regulating fertility and litter size in most livestock species. Ovarian follicles release BMP15 and GDF9 that are involved in the maturation of primary follicles into the basal form, proliferation of granulosa and theca cells, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum. Besides, these factors are highly expressed in oocytes and are necessary for female fertility and multiple ovulation in several livestock species. Animals with two inactive copies of these factors are sterile, while those with one inactive copy are fertile. Thus, the present review provides valuable information on the association of BMP15 and GDF9 with litter size in livestock that can be used as biological markers of multiple ovulation or for improving fertility in livestock.

Details

Title
Dr Association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock: a review study
Author
Majeed Hameed Ajafar; Kadhim, Alaa Hasan; Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini  VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mohammed Baqur Sahib Al-Shuhaib; Tamadhur, Hani Hussein
First page
e57927
Section
Produção Animal
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM
ISSN
18062636
e-ISSN
18078672
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3226054512
Copyright
© 2023. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.