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© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) is a transboundary pathogen that affects cattle, causing significant economic losses, particularly in Africa and Asia. While the virus was originally endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, it has rapidly spread to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, necessitating comprehensive genomic surveillance. Despite LSDV’s African origins, genomic data from West and Central Africa remain scarce, limiting insights into regional viral evolution and vaccine compatibility. In this study, molecular detection of LSDV was carried out on cattle samples from Nigeria, Cameroon, and Benin. However, comparative genomic analysis was performed using two near-complete LSDV genomes obtained from Cameroon. Phylogenetic evaluation revealed that LSDV strains from Nigeria and Cameroon cluster within the classical 1.2 lineage. Furthermore, the two sequences from this study cluster with the only publicly available sequence from West and Central Africa, supporting earlier findings of the presence of a West/Central African sub-lineage. Functional genomic analysis identified mutations in genes encoding ankyrin repeat Kelch-like proteins, and envelope proteins involved in immune evasion and viral virulence, raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Furthermore, the detection of LSDV in flesh flies (Sarcophaga spp.) underlines their potential role in virus transmission. These findings highlight the importance of genomic monitoring and targeted surveillance.

Details

Title
Genomic Analysis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from Western and Central Africa Suggests a Distinct Sub-Lineage Within the 1.2 LSDV Cluster
Author
Fadele, John 1 ; Ogunsanya Olusola 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Adedokun Oluwatobi 2 ; Akeemat, Ayinla 2 ; Mbitkebeyo, Pami 2 ; Sijuwola Ayotunde 2 ; Saibu Femi 2 ; Soumare Harouna 2 ; Urbain, Fanou 3 ; Brown, Corrie 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bonto, Faburay 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Happi Christian 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Happi Anise 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute of Genomics and Global Health, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (O.O.); [email protected] (O.A.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (C.H.), Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria 
 Institute of Genomics and Global Health, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (O.O.); [email protected] (O.A.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (C.H.) 
 Clinique Veterinaire Bon Pasteur, Fidjirosse, Cotonou 00229, Benin; [email protected] 
 LifeStock International, Athens, GA 30606, USA; [email protected] 
 Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; [email protected] 
First page
922
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20760817
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3254622060
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.