Assessment of skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis in endemic fluoridated areas of Vidharbha Region, India: A survey

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis in patients living at endemic fluoridated areas and also the morphological changes in red blood cells (R.B.C.'s). Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, India. An ethical clearance was obtained from the concerned authorities. Fifty families were screened and 204 subjects who had dental/skeletal fluorosis were included in the study. The aims and objectives were explained to the study subjects of the village and biochemical, hematological and radiological assessment was done. The main source of drinking water in this area was tube well. The concentrations of fluoride in two different areas of same village were 4 and 4.5 ppm. Results: Prevalence of skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis in male patients was 56.87% (116) and in female patients (88) it was 43.13%. RBC count in male patients was 5.03 +- 0.49 while in female patients it was 4.70 +- 0.47. With significant difference between male and female patients, P value was 0.003. Hb% in male patients was 12.44 +- 1.76 and in female patients it was 11.31+- 1.34, showing significant difference between male and female patients P value 0.038. Alkaline phosphate level in male patients was 289.68 +- 149.09 and in female patients it was 276.68 +- 164.97. ESR count in male patients was found 11.41 +- 8.75 and in female patients it was 13.29 +-7.37. Radiological finding of fluorosis patients shows thickening of inner and outer tables of skull bone in 83.92% of patients and only 7.84% of the patients were suffering from barrowing of long bone.