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Aesth Plast Surg (2012) 36:955963 DOI 10.1007/s00266-012-9871-8
ORIGINAL ARTICLE NON-SURGICAL AESTHETIC
Adverse Results with PMMA Fillers
Erick de Melo Carpaneda Carlos Augusto Carpaneda
Received: 18 September 2011 / Accepted: 2 January 2012 / Published online: 22 March 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2012
AbstractBackground Various alloplastic materials have been used for lling depressions and for body contouring. Among them, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has provoked many clinical compilations in both the acute and chronic phases. This study shows the correlation between the clinical application of PMMA and the physiopathology of the acute and late complications.
Methods Histological studies were performed on biopsy samples from patients who presented with side effects and acute and late complications after PMMA injections given at other health-care centers or aesthetic services.
Results The histological ndings of the samples that were harvested from patients who developed clinical complications or side effects caused by injection of PMMA disclosed not only normal tissues from the implanted areas but also development of capsules that involved individual microspheres of PMMA, and when the capsules were close together they formed concentric capsular groups involving various sets of microspheres and their capsules. Conclusions The injection of PMMA within the tissues can cause severe complications and side effects in both acute and chronic phases. Initially, the complications are related to vascular compromise, but at the late phase they are a consequence of capsular contracture that involves particles of PMMA. The contracture causes local tissue hardening and clinical nodulation of the implanted areas, ending with extrusion of the ller material.
Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full
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Keywords Polymethylmethacrylate Adverse results
Complications with PMMA
In the search for better denition in body contouring, llers with alloplastic substances [15] or transplants of autologous tissues [6, 7] have been used for lling depressions. The alloplastic materials used for these corrections are divided into two groups: the absorbable or biodegradable type such as hyaluronic acid [8, 9], and those endowed with a plastic component. As these are not...