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Avarone and Avarol from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara Schmidt from Aegean Coast of Turkey
Summary
Turkish coastline is almost 8400 km long in total. The sponges found in the seas surrounding Turkey have not yet been intensively studied. During the course of our studies on Turkish marine sponges, we have isolated avarol and avarone from Dysidea avara (family Dysideidae, order Dictyoceratida) collected in Ibrice, on the Aegean coast. Chemical investigation of methanolic extract of the sponges led to identification of avarol and avarone. Their structures were determined through analyses by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data.
Key Words: Marine sponge, Dysidea avara, avarone and avarol.
Received: 15.06.2012
Revised: 25.06.2012
Accepted: 05.07.2012
Türkiye'nin Ege Kiyilarindaki Deniz Süngeri Dysidea avara'dan Avarone ve Avarol Eldesi
Özet
Türkiye sahillerinin toplam uzunlugu 8400 km olmasina ragmen, Türk denizlerinde bulunan süngerlerle yapilan çalismalar azdir. Türkiye denizlerinde yasayan süngerle ilgili devam eden çalismamiz sonucu Ege denizin (Ibrice) den toplanan Dysidea avara (Family Dysideidae, order Dictyoceratida) ile yapilan kimyasal analiz sonucu avarol ve avaron izole edilmis olup, bu iki maddenin kimyasal yapisi 1H ve 13C NMR kullanilarak aydinlatilmistir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Deniz süngeri, Dysidea avara, avarone ve avarol.
INTRODUCTION
Increase in the number of people in the world having health problems caused by various deadly diseases such as cancers, drug-resistant bacteria, parasitic protozoa, and fungi are alarming. Although more than 30,000 diseases have been clinically described, less than a third of these can be treated symptomatically and only a few can be cured (1).
Drug discovery from marine natural products has gained importance in the past few years. Ziconotide (Prialt; Elan Pharmaceuticals), a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States, in December 2004, for pain treatment. Then, in October 2007, trabectedin (Yondelis; PharmaMar) became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union.
Along with these, marine natural products are good sources to find a solution for anti-aging. Resilience from Estee Lauder's anti-wrinkle cream is a good example of commercialized use of marine natural products for the benefit of human beings, obtained from the Caribbean gorgonian Pseudopterogorgea elisabethae (2).
It is well known that the...