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With improvements in analytical technology and laboratory information systems over the past decade, novel approaches to manage the workflow of highly complex laboratory operations more efficiently are being evaluated. (Figure 1) The challenge is to accommodate the increased workload while lowering the unit cost of performing the testing, especially in light of lower reimbursement rates. Inevitably, laboratory automation emerges as a potential solution.
The typical scenario occurs when the laboratory begins to search for a more current methodology and instrumentation to replace outdated analyzers with the goal of having larger menudriven systems, with faster throughput, which can aid in the consolidation of workstations. For example, an instrument could be chosen which could perform multiple therapeutic drug levels simultaneously, rather than performing the assays on several pieces of equipment. This leads to the possibility of considering the components of the latest generation of equipment which can automate many pre- and post- analytical functions. Pre-analytical functions include confirmation of sample receipt and positive-sample identification, centrifugation and preparation and labeling of aliquots. Each of these steps is subject to human error if performed manually. Similarly, post- analytical functions including sorting, storage, labeling and retrieval, and electronic archiving, are also fraught with the same possibility of error.
At the same time, the laboratory is trying to maintain itself in a competitive posture, searching for the best technologies and analytical methods while dealing with the shortage of skilled laboratory professionals. Additionally, the laboratory may be looking to increase revenues by launching or expanding an existing outreach program. In any event, these are the times to consider all possible solutions.
Having seen presentations demonstrating that automation of laboratory systems is taking place in the US and throughout the world at an increasing pace, what are the reasons and justifications for choosing laboratory automation over traditional laboratory operations? What benefits can be accrued by automation? Will it reduce pre- and post- analytical errors in handling of specimens and reduce test turnaround times (TATs)? What automation components should be considered to achieve these goals? Will automation help to handle the increasing volumes and shortages of personnel? Will laboratory automation make the laboratory safer?
RATIONALES FOR INTRODUCING A LABORATORY AUTOMATION SYSTEM
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