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© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Hydrophobic uremic toxins accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease, contributing to a highly increased cardiovascular risk. The clearance of these uremic toxins using current hemodialysis techniques is limited due to their hydrophobicity and their high binding affinity to plasma proteins. Adsorber techniques may be an appropriate alternative to increase hydrophobic uremic toxin removal. We developed an extracorporeal, whole-blood bifunctional adsorber particle consisting of a porous, activated charcoal core with a hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone surface coating. The adsorption capacity was quantified using analytical chromatography after perfusion of the particles with an albumin solution or blood, each containing mixtures of hydrophobic uremic toxins. A time-dependent increase in hydrophobic uremic toxin adsorption was depicted and all toxins showed a high binding affinity to the adsorber particles. Further, the particle showed a sufficient hemocompatibility without significant effects on complement component 5a, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, or thrombocyte concentration in blood in vitro, although leukocyte counts were slightly reduced. In conclusion, the bifunctional adsorber particle with cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone coating showed a high adsorption capacity without adverse effects on hemocompatibility in vitro. Thus, it may be an interesting candidate for further in vivo studies with the aim to increase the efficiency of conventional dialysis techniques.

Details

Title
A Bifunctional Adsorber Particle for the Removal of Hydrophobic Uremic Toxins from Whole Blood of Renal Failure Patients
Author
Sternkopf, Marieke 1 ; Thoröe-Boveleth, Sven 2 ; Beck, Tobias 3 ; Oleschko, Kirsten 4 ; Erlenkötter, Ansgar 5 ; Tschulena, Ulrich 6 ; Steppan, Sonja 6 ; Speer, Thimoteus 7 ; Goettsch, Claudia 8 ; Jankowski, Vera 1 ; Jankowski, Joachim 9 ; Noels, Heidi 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany 
 Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine; University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany 
 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany 
 PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, 55120 Mainz, Germany 
 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 66606 St. Wendel, Germany 
 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany 
 Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany 
 Medical Clinic I—Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany 
 Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands 
First page
389
Publication year
2019
Publication date
2019
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20726651
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2550279436
Copyright
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.