A cellular uptake and cytotoxicity properties study of gallic acid-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on Caco-2 cells

J Nanopart Res (2014) 16:2285 DOI 10.1007/s11051-014-2285-6

RESEARCH PAPER

A cellular uptake and cytotoxicity properties study of gallic acid-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on Caco-2 cells

Ladan Rashidi Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani Masoud Soleimani

Amir Atashi Khosrow Rostami Fariba Gangi Masoud Fallahpour

Mohammad Taher Tahouri

Received: 5 October 2013 / Accepted: 17 January 2014 / Published online: 2 February 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Abstract In this study, the effects of intracellular delivery of various concentrations of gallic acid (GA) as a semistable antioxidant, gallic acid-loaded meso-porous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-GA), and cellular uptake of nanoparticles into Caco-2 cells were investigated. MSNs were synthesized and loaded with GA, then characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravi-metric analysis. The cytotoxicity of MSNs and MSNs-GA at low and high concentrations were studied by means of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-

tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and ow cytometry. MSNs did not show signicant toxicity in various concentrations (0500 lg/ml) on Caco-2 cells. For

MSNs-GA, cell viability was reduced as a function of incubation time and different concentrations of nano-particles. The in vitro GA release from MSNs-GA exhibited the same antitumor properties as free GA on Caco-2 cells. Flow cytometry results conrmed those obtained using MTT assay. TEM and uorescent microscopy conrmed the internalization of MSNs by Caco-2 cells through nonspecic cellular uptake. MSNs can easily internalize into Caco-2 cells without deleterious effects on cell viability. The cell viability of Caco-2 cells was affected during MSNs-GA uptake. MSNs could be designed as suitable nanocarriers for antioxidants delivery.

Keywords Caco-2 Cells Cytotoxicity

Nanoparticles Antioxidant Gallic acid

Environmental and health effects

AbbreviationsMSNs Mesoporous silica nanoparticlesGA Gallic acidBJH BarrettJoynerHalendaBET BrunauerEmmettTellerSEM Scanning electron microscopyTEM Transmission electron microscopy FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy MTT 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

L. Rashidi E. Vasheghani-Farahani (&) F. Gangi

Biotechnology Division, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]

M. Soleimani A. Atashi

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran

K. Rostami M. Fallahpour

Biotechnology Center, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535-111, Tehran, Iran

M. T. TahouriDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran

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