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Abstract
The prevalence of anemia hemoglobin (Hb < 11) is 33% in patients on hemodialysis (HD); the prevalence of anemia in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), which constitutes 15% of all chronic renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is not fully defined. [2] The risk of death with lower Hb levels may be attributable to the consequences of anemia (e.g., left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure), or the underlying conditions that lead to ESA- hyporesponsiveness (e.g., systemic inflammation), or direct consequence of high ESA doses administered in anemic individuals. In HD patients, the mortality rate is higher among those with Hb levels >12 g/dL and several randomized controlled trials have also shown that targeting Hb levels of 13 g/dL increases mortality or morbidity rates in patients on HD while in the study on PD patients, the lowest risk for death was observed in patients with Hb levels between 12.0 and 13.0 g/dL.