Comparison of Interface Description Methods Available in Commercial CFD Software

Abstract

This study addresses the characteristics of the interpolation functions and interface reconstruction routines for the VOF – Volume of Fluid method available in the commercial CFD software ANSYS-FLUENT. This software was used because it has both implicit and explicit VOF approaches along with diverse interpolation functions. Some of these functions were compared from different viewpoints: the quality of the reconstructed interface; the ability to preserve the initial mass inside the system (numerical diffusion); and the computing time. To undertake the qualitative and quantitative comparisons, a test problem that combines the classical dam break and slosh tank benchmark problems was used. No analytical solution available was found for this problem, in which the most interesting feature is a high interaction between the velocity field and volume fraction, thus making it ideal for addressing the issue of interface smearing. ANSYS-FLUENT permits using 5 interpolation functions for transient simulations: PLIC, CICSAM, HRIC (explicit and implicit) and the UPWIND scheme, and four when performing steady state ones: BGM, modified HRIC, COMPRESSIVE and UPWIND schemes. Both transient and steady state solutions were analyzed in this study, using all the above schemes, except the UPWIND one for steady state simulations. It was found that, for thinner grids, PLIC, CISAM and the explicit HRIC schemes had similar performances concerning the quality of the reconstructed interface and mass conservation. On the other hand, PLIC shows the best results for coarser grids, being the only to conserve mass for all tests. The computation time was similar for all transient simulation (within each grid). Concerning the steady state simulations, which are, in fact, distorted transient simulations, the BGM and the COMPRESSIVE schemes produced similar results, but BGM consumed more computational time.