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Abstract UDC 551.435.8
Thomas Hiller, Douchko Romanov, Franci Gabrovsek & Georg Kaufmann: The creation of collapse dolines: A 3D modeling approach
We present a 3D numerical karst evolution model describing mechanisms governing the evolution of collapse dolines. The results confirm the current state of the art of the knowledge about the conditions necessary for a collapse doline to grow. We demonstrate that these geological features develop in karst aquifers, above subsurface rivers flowing through active cave systems or mechanically unstable zones. The mechanisms of growth of single/isolated collapse dolines are generally two dimensional and can be modeled with very dense numerical models. On the other hand, our results demonstrate that there can be more than one location, within a karst system, where the conditions allow the development of a collapse doline. For such complex scenarios a 3D modeling approach and a detailed knowledge of the hydro-geological situation is required in order to correctly predict and describe the development of collapse dolines.
Keywords: Three-dimensional, Karst, Modeling, Doline, Limestone.
Izvlecek UDK 551.435.8
Thomas Hiller, Douchko Romanov, Franci Gabrovsek, Georg Kaufmann: Tridimenzionalni numericni model nastanka udornic
V clanku predstavimo tridimenzionalni numericni model razvoja kraskih udornic. Rezultati potrjujejo dosedanja spoznanja o pogojih, potrebnih za rast udornic. Pokazemo, da udornice nastajajo kot del razvoja kraskega vodonosnika nad podzemnimi rekami, ki tecejo skozi aktivne jamske sisteme oz. mehansko nestabilna obmocja. Mehanizem nastanka ene same izolirane udornice, lahko pojasnimo z dvodimenzionalnim numericnim modelom z dovolj gosto mrezo. Za studij prostorskega razvoja in porazdelitve sistema udornic potrebujemo 3D numericni model, ki ga lahko ob podrobnem poznavanju hidrogeoloskih razmer uporabimo tudi za napovedovanje in interpretacijo pojavljanja udornic na nekem kraskem obmocju.
Kljucne besede: Tridimenzionalni model, kras, udornice, apnenec.
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)
1. INTRODUCTION
Karst rocks such as limestone, dolomite, anhydrite, and gypsum can be dissolved by water, either by dissolution of the rock, or in the case of the first two rock types by chemical dissolution in water enriched with carbon dioxide. The removal of rock in fissures and bedding partings creates larger voids and cavities, which results in an efficient drainage of water through the karst rock. Once the cavities grow to a certain size, the void can become unstable and detachment of slabs at the roof of the cavity...