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Received: 27-10-2015
Accepted: 12-12-2015
Key Words:
Simulated textile effluent
Dye decolorization
Bioremediation
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Aspergillus fumigatus A23
ABSTRACT
Synthetic dyes are released in the effluent from a wide variety of industries such as textile, tannery, packed food, pulp and paper and paint, thus threatening various forms of life. Bioremediation is always considered as cost effective and eco-friendly way for the treatment of recalcitrant dyes and effluents. Non-white rot fungus Aspergillus fumigatus A23 and white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were used for comparative study of decolorization of individual dyes and simulated textile effluent (STE). Both the fungi could effectively decolorize STE under optimized conditions of medium (potato dextrose agar medium), temperature (40°C for A. fumigatus A23 and 30°C P. chrysosporium), pH (4.0 for A. fumigatus A23 and 5.0 for P. chrysosporium) and agitation (100 rpm for A. fumigatus A23 and P. chrysosporium). The decolorization of STE by A. fumigatus A23 and P. chrysosporium was 86% and 62% respectively after 7d incubation. The key mechanisms involved in dye removal by the fungus appeared to be adsorption and absorption and the biotransformation occurred only after absorption of the dye. Analysis of samples before and after treatment with fungus using TLC indicated the biotransformation of dye.
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INTRODUCTION
Effluents are wastewater, unwanted fluids and chemicals in liquid forms having complex composition that is extremely variable and are discharged as industrial wastewater responsible for major environmental problems. Mostly the effluents from textile, dyeing, leather, food processing, cosmetics, paper and dye manufacturing industries are important sources of water pollution. Coloured wastewater containing dyes has large inauspicious effects on the aquatic environments due to its turbidity and strength of pollution, which is very difficult to treat, since the dyes are recalcitrant organic molecules, stable to light (Sathiya et al. 2007, Tisma et al. 2012). In various parts of the world, wastewater from textile industry constitutes a serious threat to the environment due to the presence of the toxic degradation products of textile dyes (Sathiya et al. 2007, Thakur et al. 2014). It has been reported that among the total dyestuff consumption, textile industry accounts for 67% of the total dyestuff market (Rajamohan & Karthikeyan 2004).
Azo dyes are a group of compounds characterized by the presence of...