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Abstract
Appeared among the theories explaining international labor migration only by the end of the former century, the new economics of labor migration questions some of the ideas and principles considered in the creation of the neoclassic theory, either by arguing against them, or by simply completing them. The starting point of this new approach is being represented by the idea that the emigration decision is not being made at an individual level, but rather along important human groups, such as families or households. The members of this groups act in common, not only to maximize their incomes, but also to minimize their risks and overcome limitations occurred as a consequence of the failures of the national markets, not necessarily in the labor market. This paper explains the mam ideas on which this theory is based and makes a current analysis on whether this ideas are still accurate and have the capacity to explain the evolution of contemporary international migration.
Keywords: migration, theory, labor, economics, communities
Most of the developed countries of the world currently have diverse, multiethnic societies and the emergence of international migration as a basic structural feature of most of the industrialized states confirms the strength and coherence of the forces that form its foundation. Despite this, the theoretical base for understanding these forces is not adapted to the current dimension of this phenomenon. Therefore, the amazing growth of migration in the latest years has surprised the citizens, officials as well as researchers, and when it comes to international migration, the current analysis remains tied in the concepts, models and premises of the 19th century (Massey et al., 1998: 432).
Starting from the general and particular causes that generate population mobility in the territory, one can get the following overview of the migration phenomenon.
On the one hand, we can discuss about individual migration, determined primarily by economic factors. Depending on their range, the period of travel and means of travel, they are subdivided into seasonal migration and final long-distance travel. They can often become final (forced migration, limited-range free migration, industrial or agricultural migration). The most common form of migration of this type is known as rural exodus, primarily aimed at movements within countries. There are also known periodic movements...