DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUSTRY 4.0 MATURITY MODEL BY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS: CASE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Abstract

Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümü, bileşenlerini oluşturan temel teknolojiler ile imalat sanayine, mevcut operasyonları ve süreçleri kökten değiştirecek yenilikler getirmektedir. Gıda ve içecek imalat sektöründe beklenen başlıca değişimler, artan verimlilik; artan gıda güvenliği; yüksek gıda kalitesi ve azalan atık miktarı olarak sıralanabilir. İşletmelerin Endüstri 4.0’dan elde edeceği faydayı maksimuma çıkarmak için, uygulamaların ölçülebilir ve karşılaştırılabilir olması gerekir. Endüstri 4.0 olgunluk modelleri dönüşüm sürecinde standartlaştırma ve karşılaştırma için önemli göstergeler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada temel Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin kullanımını Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi yöntemi ile değerlendiren, sektöre özel bir olgunluk modeli önerilmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre gıda ve içecek imalat sektörü için en önemli teknolojiler Otonom Robotlar ve Siber Güvenlik olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu iki teknolojiyi, sırasıyla Büyük Veri Analitiği ve Eklemeli İmalat Sistemleri takip etmektedir. Çalışmada bir Endüstri 4.0 olgunluk ölçeği sunulmuş olup, örnek uygulama ile gıda imalatçısı bir işletmenin bu ölçek üzerinden Endüstri 4.0 olgunluğu hesaplanmıştır.

Alternate abstract:

1. LITERATUREIndustry 4.0 transformation brings innovations that will radically change the existing operations and processes in the manufacturing industry. Expected changes in the Food and beverage manufacturing industry are increased efficiency; increased food security; higher food quality, and decreased waste. In order to maximise the benefits of Industry 4.0, implementations must be measurable and comparable. Industry 4.0 maturity models provide useful tools for standardisation and comparison in the transformation process. There are two types of Industry 4.0 maturity models: (1) Holistic approaches such as the studies by Lichtblau et al. (2015), Schumacher et al. (2016 and 2019), Santos and Martinho (2019; and (2) Specific approaches such as the models by Commuzzi (2016), Leyh et al. (2017), and Nemeth et al. (2018). In this study, a sector-specific Industry 4.0 maturity model with the Analytical Hierarchy Process is proposed. This model focuses on essential Industry 4.0 technologies and their usage. 2. DESIGN AND METHODThe purpose of the study is to develop a technology-oriented, sector-specific Industry 4.0 maturity model for evaluating Industry 4.0 maturity levels of manufacturing companies. Tabular representation of the proposed model is given in Table 1.Table 1. Proposed Industry 4.0 Maturity Model Stage 1. Identifying maturity model criteria Step 1.1 Literature survey Step 1.2 Selecting essential Industry 4.0 technologies as criteria Stage 2. Determining the weights of maturity model criteria Step 2.1 Gathering sector-related Industry 4.0 data Step 2.1 Defining weights of Industry 4.0 technologies via AHP Stage 3. Development of Industry 4.0 maturity model Step 3.1 Defining a scale for measurement Step 3.2 A case application in food and beveragemanufacturing industry The model is based on the usage of nine primary Industry 4.0 technologies which are: Augmented Reality, Cloud Computing, Big Data & Analytics, Additive Manufacturing, Internet of Things, Autonomous Robots, Cyber Security, Simulation and System Integration. A group of experts are asked the relative importance degrees of each technology in the food and beverage manufacturing industry. The weight of each technology is calculated using AHP. An Industry 4.0 maturity scale is constructed for evaluation. 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONThe results of the study reveal that the most critical technologies for the food and beverage manufacturing industry are Autonomous Robots and Cyber Security. These two technologies are followed by Big Data & Analytics and Additive Manufacturing Systems, respectively. At the end of the study, Industry 4.0 maturity degree of a food manufacturing company is evaluated through the proposed model.4. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONSThis model can be used as a useful self-assessment tool for Industry 4.0 maturity. It may be possible for companies to make comparisons and improvements by comparing themselves with acceptable practices in the industry. This scale also serves as a guide for small and medium-sized enterprises that have difficulty in accessing knowledge and in setting strategies for Industry 4.0 transformation. In future studies, the current maturity model can be adapted and applied to other manufacturing and service sectors.