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Public Health Nutrition: 20(3), 456463 doi:10.1017/S1368980016002500
Diet quality as measured by the Diet Quality IndexInternational is associated with prospective changes in body fat among Canadian children
Solmaz Setayeshgar1, Katerina Maximova1,*, John Paul Ekwaru1, Katherine Gray-Donald2, Mlanie Henderson3,4, Gilles Paradis2,5, Angelo Tremblay6 and Paul Veugelers1
1School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 3-268 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1C9: 2Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montral, Qubec, Canada: 3Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montral, Montral, Qubec, Canada: 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Montral, Montral, Qubec, Canada: 5Institut national de sant publique du Qubec (INSPQ), Montral, Qubec, Canada: 6Division of Kinesiology (PEPS), Laval University, Qubec City, Qubec, Canada
Submitted 8 April 2016: Final revision received 29 July 2016: Accepted 3 August 2016: First published online 23 September 2016
AbstractObjective: To quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity.
Design: Children participating in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) study underwent examination at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality IndexInternational (DQII) using three non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls at baseline. The DQII has four main categories: dietary adequacy, variety, moderation and overall balance. Fat mass index (FMI; [fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), central FMI (CFMI; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), percentage body fat (%BF; [total fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) and percentage central BF (%CBF; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Setting: Children were selected from schools in the greater Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City metropolitan areas between 2005 and 2008, Quebec, Canada. Subjects: A total of 546 children aged 810 years, including 244 girls and 302 boys. Results: Regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity and Tanner stage revealed that every 10-unit improvement in overall DQII score was associated with lower gain in CFMI ( = 008; 95 % CI 017, 0003) and %BF ( = 055; 95 % CI 108, 002). Each unit improvement in dietary adequacy score was associated with lower gain in FMI ( = 005; 95 % CI 008, 0008), CFMI ( = 003; 95 % CI 005, 0007), %BF ( = 015; 95 % CI 028, 003) and %CBF (...