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Abstract
This study focuses on early works of Semih Rüstem and Farkas Molnár, who were both members of a group called KURI (an acronym for constructive, utilitarian, rational, international), which was established at Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany, in 1922. Two house projects of each architect, built between 1930 and 1932, were selected and evaluated according to Bauhaus and KURI principles. The assessment comprised two stages: first, the spatial organization of the house was analyzed, and second, a shape grammar examination of the ground floor and the mass of the buildings was performed to comprehensively reveal the design principles of the architects. It was evident that Semih Rüstem and Farkas Molnár had common priorities in terms of house design, and that their designs were creative, harmonious in terms of elements, and expressionist, which is consistent with Bauhaus principles. Furthermore, the functional and rational planning of the houses, as well as the exterior and interior designs with a deliberate lack of ornamentation, and the use of geometric shapes, demonstrate that both architects produced work that observed the principles stated in the KURI manifesto. The study further revealed that Semih Rüstem was arguably also inspired by the spatial organization and facades of traditional Turkish houses.
Bu çalışma 1922’de Bauhaus Weimar’da kurulmuş ve yayınladıkları manifesto ile adından söz ettirmiş olan KURI grubu üyesi Semih Rüstem ve Farkas Molnár’ın erken dönem tasarımlarına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı her iki mimarın erken dönem konutlarını Bauhaus ve KURI ilkeleri doğrultusunda tasarlayıp tasarlamadıklarını sorgulamaktır. Bu amaçla mimarların 1930 ve 1932 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş olan ikişer konut projesi seçilmiş ve iki aşamalı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. İlk olarak konutların mekânsal organizasyonu, tasarlanan mekânlar ve birbiriyle ilişkileri bağlamında irdelenmiş, ikinci aşamada ise konutların zemin kat planları ve kütle tasarımları biçim grameri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda Semih Rüstem ve Farkas Molnár’ın konut tasarımlarında ortak önceliklerinin olduğu, tasarımlarının yaratıcı, elemanlar arasında uyum gözeten ve dışa vurumcu bir anlayış sergilediği söylenebilir. Bauhaus Weimar’ın ilkeleriyle paralellik gösterdiği düşünülen bu anlayış, aynı zamanda konutların akılcı, fonksiyonel ve süslemeden uzak iç ve dış tasarımlarıyla ortaya konulmuştur. İncelenen konutların geometrik kütle tasarımının ise KURI manifestosundaki ilkelerle uyumlu olduğu savunulabilir.
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