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Judith Owens. 1 Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Margaret Weiss. 2 Division of Child Psychiatry, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia Medical Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Earl Nordbrock. 3 Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L. P. , Coventry, Rhode Island.
Greg Mattingly. 4 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. 5 Midwest Research Group, St. Charles, Missouri.
Sharon Wigal. 6 AVIDA, Inc. , Newport Beach, California.
Laurence L. Greenhill. 7 Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Wei-Wei Chang. 8 NuTec Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ann Childress. 9 Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc. , Las Vegas, Nevada.
Robert J. Kupper. 3 Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L. P. , Coventry, Rhode Island.
Akwete Adjei. 3 Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L. P. , Coventry, Rhode Island.
*
Statistical consultant.
Previous presentation: Parts of these data were presented at the American Psychiatric Association 168th Annual Meeting, May 16-20, 2015, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 62nd Annual Meeting, October 26-31, 2015, San Antonio, Texas; and the American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders 2016 Annual Meeting, January 15-17, 2016, Washington, DC.
Funding: This research was funded by Rhodes Pharmaceuticals L.P.
Address correspondence to: Judith Owens, MD, MPH, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, BCH 3124, Boston, MA 02115, E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently present with a variety of sleep-related difficulties before receiving ADHD medications (Stein et al. 2012; Kidwell et al. 2015). The impact of ADHD medications on sleep has been debated, with some studies showing deleterious effects on sleep, some studies showing minimal effects on sleep, and other studies showing improvement in sleep parameters after treatment with ADHD medications (Kidwell et al. 2015). The potential for different ADHD medications with varying pharmacokinetic profiles to have different impacts on sleep parameters also has been a topic of research and clinical discussion.
Forty to fifty percent of parents report sleep-related problems in their children with ADHD, particularly resistance to bedtime and/or delayed sleep onset (Owens 2009). When studies comparing children with ADHD with controls were evaluated, it was noted that children with ADHD had higher scores for bedtime resistance,...