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1. Introduction
Internet communication has increased globally by using routers and internet protocol (IP) (Geng, 2020). IP allows us to communicate between nodes in different networks that are separated by thousands of kilometres and the networks can be wired, wireless or hybrid. These networks consist of various objects or components connected or distributed such as routers/switches, access points, sensors, power, monitor and control units (Wang et al., 2018a, 2018b). Therefore these networks represent mechanics, electronics, electrical and computer engineering together in one system and the use of these systems is increasing exponentially for various applications used in daily life such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Robotics (Belda and Rychnovsk`y, 2010).
In hybrid networks, routing is a meaningful, challenging and crucial task. Hybrid networks require the correct delivery of packets due to frequent topology changes between wired or wireless objects (Chauhan and Sharma, 2015; Wijaya, 2011; Alabady et al., 2018; Chai and Zeng, 2019; Akyildiz et al., 2005). In the whole process, routing protocols play a crucial role in ascertaining the network’s information. The different routing protocols are routing information protocol (RIP), open shortest path first (OSPF), EIGRP, IS-IS and BGP (Jain and Payal, 2019; Samaan, 2018; Khan et al., 2017; Jain and Payal, 2020). These routing protocols use algorithms to find optimal routing information for the source to destination delivery. (Manzoor et al., 2020; Dey et al., 2016; Guo, 2010). This paper has used RIP and OSPF routing protocols in the proposed network as they are used extensively.
In the network, the data is encapsulated into packets where each packet contains the source address, destination addresses and other routing information (Rukmani and Ganesan, 2013; Alotaibi and Mukherjee, 2012). These packets are fixed or variable in size and their size can affect the network’s performance. Thus, the change in packet size can change the overall network performance. Also, the performance depends on the maximum transfer unit (MTU) of packets; packets whose size is less than MTU create overhead in the network (Omar et al., 2015). However, for the larger packets where size exceeds the network’s maximum packet size, it requires a proper mapping function that operates segmentation and reassembly for appropriate packet transfer. Thus, in this study,...