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1. Introduction
Model, construct and practice of public service in the developing countries have been shifted from state-oriented to public-oriented or from focusing on government apparatus, group and klick to focusing on the public. Indonesians no longer see their bureaucrats as authorities; they start seeing them as public servants even though this shift of paradigm has yet become common practice (Ndraha, 2005; Vigoda-Gadot, 2006; Kurniawan and Puspitosari, 2007; Napitupulu, 2007; Ratminto and Winarsih, 2008). The change of perspective is taking place very slowly in Indonesia due to conservative orientation, culture and practice derived from the state-oriented paradigm as well as poor public service. Regional government has not been able to develop a comprehensive framework to apply the public-oriented paradigm even though the delegation of authority from central government to the regional government has been stated in the 2009 Decree number 25 about Public Service Regional government (city and municipality). One example is commitment to give compensation to the public when government apparatus is unable to provide sufficient public service for the public. This spirit has not been developed and implemented well, since Ombudsman and regional government have not developed and given reinforcement on this issue. These institutions should conduct studies and developmental studies to develop public-oriented paradigm-based model.
Public satisfaction on public service is a crucial issue in Indonesia, more particularly in regional government level that is very close to the society. Regional government has not been able to carry out more democratized political reform is not followed by administrative reform or public-oriented management. Regional government has not been able to carry out democratized and participative management and administration that emphasize on public interest and satisfaction. Authoritative culture still becomes an inseparable part of public service. The bureaucrats are still putting their interests before the public interests.
Good management and leadership are the requirements for regional government to carry out qualified public service. Aspirative public administration (one that meets public interest) is the key to create more orderly, dignified, fair and prosperous living. Regional government is responsible for providing education, health facility and other public facilities for the public.
Regional autonomy is established based on the 1999 Decree number 22 and the 2004 Decree number 23 as its amendment. The purpose of regional autonomy is...