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Abstract
A partir da Teoria de Agência e do pressuposto do conflito de interesses, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar o impacto da utilização de duas classes de ações (dual class) no valor das empresas brasileiras. A amostra foi constituída por empresas abertas, não financeiras, com estrutura de propriedade concentrada, cujos dados estão disponíveis na Economática®, totalizando 354 empresas e 1.915 observações. Os dados se referem ao período de 2005 a 2012. Metodologicamente, para a investigação das hipóteses do estudo configurou-se uma regressão por mínimos quadrados ordinários, com dados em painel. Os resultados indicam que as empresas que utilizam duas classes de ações, como mecanismo de separação entre o fluxo de caixa e o controle acionário, possuem valor inferior, em relação às empresas que não utilizam tal mecanismo. Adicionalmente, pode-se inferir que os níveis de governança e a política de pagamento de maiores dividendos nas ações preferenciais não são capazes de mitigar o maior grau de conflitos de interesses e de custos de agência nas empresas dual class.
From the Agency Theory' and the conflict of interest assumption the aim of this study is verify the impact of the use of two classes of shares (dual class) on the value in Brazilian companies. The sample consisted of non-financial traded companies, with concentrated ownership structure, data are available in Economtica, totaling 354 companies and 1,915 observations. The data refer to the period 2005 to 2012. It terms of methodology, to research the hypothesis of the study it was used a regression by ordinary least squares, with panel data. The results indicate that companies using two classes of shares, such as separation mechanism between the cash flow and the equity control, have lower value then the ones not using such a mechanism. Additionally, it can be inferred that the governance levels and the higher dividend payment policy in the preferred shares are not able to mitigate the higher level of conflicts of interest and agency costs in dual class companies.
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