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Abstract
Within this paper, we have approached the theme of enclaves from economic and social perspective. Seen as a process due not only to immigrants who tend to settle down in larger urban centers, with large and heterogeneous population, but also due to the migration from the countryside to urban areas, economic enclaves have long-term effects. In this context, we have have highlighted the main causes which have an influence on the regional enclave phenomenon as well as the multiple effects such a complex phenomenon may have on national economy and obviously on a country's population. We have completed the work by presenting the GDP as the main indicator of the intensity of the enclave process and the discrepancies recorded by developing regions as a result of regional gaps. The paper tackles several aspects of the enclave process since a clear delimitation of economic enclaves cannot be made without dealing with its social aspects, as well; therefore, we have made a classification of enclaves, the broadest one including the regions where enclaves can be found. It is obvious that the reduction of the negative effects of this phenomenon is the responsibility of the State and its institutions whose mission is to implement plans and strategies in the field of regionalization; therefore, we concluded the paper with the presentation of the portfolio of targets needed to be achieved for a balanced regional development.
Keywords: economic enclave, social enclave, GDP, economic development
6. Introduction
According to the Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language, an enclave represents a small territory with less population, located near the border between the two States, within one state, but belonging to the other. Thus, from administrative point of view an enclave is a state or an administrative-territorial entity surrounded by the national territory of another State.
The terms enclave/exclave, having along the years eminently geopolitical significances, have crossed over during the last years. Steck (2000) or Claval (2001), if we exemplify only two noticeable references in the area, included it to the vocabulary of social geography, of transportation and territory planning, referring, as a matter of fact, to a certain isolation of a phenomenon, human group or territory, in relation to a neighbouring ensemble (Puscasu, 2011).
As a result, the evolution...