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Introduction
The study of building performance efficiency is regarded as an effective way to identify the essentials for strategic facilities management ([47] Shohet, 2006; [4] Atkin and Brooks, 2009; [35] Noor and Pitt, 2009). These authors consider performance measurement as a central and necessary tool in evaluating the efficiency of facilities management. A number of studies ([51] Wauters, 2005; [6] Boussabaine and Kirkham, 2006; [47] Shohet, 2006) identified the importance of the current status of building performance in saving core activities. However, many critical problems of facilities management service delivery are unidentified since benchmarking is not undertaken periodically. [3] Amaratunga and Baldry (2002) urged that performance measurement be meticulous in a way that is practical to facilities management (FM) operations and techniques, otherwise it become to be superficial.
Building performance can be evaluated in terms of three components namely building functionality, building impact and build quality. Building functionality deals with how well the building serves the primary purposes and the extent to which it facilities the activities of the people. Functionality of the built environment can be achieved by integrating people, place, process and technology ([56] International Facilities Management Association, 1986). Building impact is the extent to which the building creates a sense of place and contributes positively to the lives of those who use it ([55] BREEAM, 2010). Build Quality is the fitness for the designated performance of the building. Building quality can be understood in terms of "economics of the design quality" or "economics of the conformance quality" ([57] Kazaz and Birgonul, 2005)
To identify the essentials of building performance, a toolkit called Achieving Excellence Design Evaluation Toolkit (AEDET) was developed by the United Kingdom National Health Service (UK NHS). This toolkit is used for a comprehensive evaluation of the design of healthcare environments. It is one of Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) toolkits developed by the Department of Health, United Kingdom. BREEAM replaced NHS Environment Assessment Tool (NEAT) which was considered to be below the credible standard for the NHS as a public sector body.
A review of the literature on healthcare buildings suggests that there are numerous building performance assessment types, such as space ([2] Alalouch and Aspinall, 2007), social network ([7] Boyer et al. , 2010), and...