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Two basic paradigms, two approaches in science, education, culture and ideology have emerged and been successfully developed in the history of mankind. They are the deterministic paradigm and the stochastic paradigm. Up to date comparisons or special oppositions between these approaches (paradigms) in science were not made, but in the remaining fields of human activity comparisons or oppositions were made either unconsciously or not within the scope of scientific approaches. Another situation emerged with the appearance of the third synergetic paradigm, which was considerably different from two previous ones and required scientific comparison and analysis.
Introduction
It is well known that Arnold Joseph Toynbee identified and described 21 types of civilizations that have existed throughout human history, and now, (according to the principle of synergistic compression of information) these civilizations can be classified into two general types: traditionalistic (authoritarian) and anthropogenic (stratified) (Toynbee, 1987: 570). In this study the authors classify these two types of civilizations as deterministic and stochastic types of societies (Eskov et at., 2011; Wallerstein, 2004).
The traditionalistic (deterministic by the authors' definition) type of society is characterized by the hierarchical paradigm of power, values, concepts and ideals. In such an authoritarian society, power is understood to be the power of man over man (rigid and deterministic; breaking an obligation results in death or injury). The value system is organized by the dictator (or a dictatorship of a minority), and the life of the lower strata of society has no special value (we remember Hitler and Stalin, who restored feudalism under the guise of the synergistic slogans of liberty, fraternity, and equal- ity). The concept of values and ideals in an authoritarian society is based on the idea of force. For example, if someone has an army, he is admired by others and addresses matters of life and death in cities and entire nations; however, if there is no force, meaning no power, then there is no leader and no wealth. Atilla the Hun had absolute deterministic power; later Genghis Khan, Hitler, and Stalin also had absolute power. In a deterministic authoritarian society power is limitless, and the ideal in a society is a man who supports such a government or supports brute force, i.e., the leader of a tribe,...