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Introduction
In this modern age, citizenship behavior is the mouth word of theorists and practitioners across the globe. The nature and philosophy of the organizations and their working conditions have been changed dramatically. Thus, the role of organizational workers has also been changed. This changing role of the employees gave birth to extra volunteer timing which the workers paid to the organizations. This extra role behavior was termed as organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational citizenship behaviour is clarified in a best way under the umbrella of following model.
Organ's Five-Factor Model
Researchers like, Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Paine, and Bachrach (2000) found almost 30 facets of organizational citizenship behaviour from the various studies of research. They concluded that the most significant facets had been emphasized by Organ (1997). These facets were the main factors of investigation in this study. These are described as under.
1. Conscientiousness: To go beyond the minimum roles and the requirements of tasks is concerned with conscientiousness. It indicates the employees of the organizations carrying the duties better than the minimal obligatory roles and tasks.
2. Sportsmanship: It indicates the readiness to bear the expected inconveniences and obligations which cause some effects in the organizations devoid of complaining and go ahead by means of optimistic approach.
3. Civic Virtue: It points out the voluntary contribution, and help in the functions of organizations connected with the social and professional nature.
4. Courtesy: It deals with the optional performance of selfless and kind behaviour that helps the others in preventing duty-relevant difficulties.
5. Altruism: It indicates the actions which are voluntary and helps colleagues in duty-relevant difficulties.
Literature Review
The term citizenship behavior was coined by Organ in 1988 as he viewed that the behavior which was not rewarded in a formal way framed as citizenship behavior. Moreover, it helped in promoting efficient and effective functioning of the organizations. Similarly, Organ (1997) advocated courtesy and conscientiousness as the facets of organizational citizenship behavior. Later on Podsakoff et al. (2000) and polat (2009) added some other factors i.e. assisting behavior, sportsmanship, patriotic and obedience attitude, civic virtue, altruism and development of oneself.
As viewed earlier, citizenship behavior is volunteer actions and duties that the individuals perform for the goodwill of an organization. The employees performed their duties...