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Xuebai Zhang [1; 2] and Xiaolong Liu [1] and Shyan-Ming Yuan [2] and Shu-Fan Lin [2]

Academic Editor: Irfan Mehmood

1, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, fjau.edu.cn

2, Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, nctu.edu.tw

Received Jul 23, 2017; Revised Sep 15, 2017; Accepted Sep 24, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Eye tracking technology, which is based on an eye tracker that measures the movement and positions of the eye has played an increasingly important role in psychology [1], marketing [2], and user interfaces [3]. Eye trackers have existed for a number of years, but, early in the development of the field of eye tracking, the use of eye trackers was largely confined to laboratory experiments to observe the nature of human eye movements, rather than to use these movements as an actual control medium within a human-computer interaction (HCI) [4]. Because the cost of eye trackers was around $30,000 a decade ago, it was too expensive to consider use in real user-computer interfaces. In recent years, with the development of better and cheaper components for gaze interaction, low-cost eye trackers [5] have been produced by several high-profile companies, such as Tobii’s EyeX tracker [6], GazePoint’s GP3 tracker [7], and the Eye Tribe Tracker [8]. As eye tracking gear gets cheaper, new applications with the concept of using eye tracking in HCI are clearly beginning to blossom [9–11].

Traditional user interfaces provide much more bandwidth from computer to user, such as images, animations, videos, and other media which can output large amounts of information rapidly. Whereas there are hardly any means of inputting comparably large amounts of information from users. The concept of HCI is to increase the bandwidth from user to computer with more natural and more convenient communication mechanisms. The eye is one of our mainly input mediums, and about 80 to 90 percent of the outside world information is obtained from the human eye [12]. For multimedia communication from user to computer, the eye movements can be regarded as...
 

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