Formation of agrocenosis camelina sylvestris in the conditions of Black Sea region

Abstract

Winter Camelina (Camelina sylvestris) is an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, the oil of which is used in various industries. Sowing dates and sowing rates have a significant impact on the productivity of camelina in the arid conditions of Black Sea region. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sowing dates and sowing rates on the duration of the growing season, field germination, winter hardiness and yield structure in Black Sea region. The agroclimatic resources of Black Sea region allow the successful introduction of winter camelina, which is distinguished by their broad agroecological resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The Penzyak variety of winter camelina is well adapted in the zone and is able to form a satisfactory yield in a wide calendar range. By correcting certain technology elements taking into account meteorological conditions, it is possible to create prerequisites for a more complete realization of the potential productivity of culture. The length of the growing season of camelina in the Black Sea region is from 179 to 269 days, depending on the sowing period and weather conditions. The winter hardiness of winter camelina in the Black Sea region depends on the sowing period: when sowing on September 15 and 30 and on October 15 it is high and reaches 92-100%. The winter hardiness of the late sowing season depends on the prevailing weather conditions in the winter: in some years it can be high (98–99%), but in the years when bulging and blowing of plants by the wind is manifested, it decreases to 44–49% when sowing on October 30, and to 20% when sowing on November 15.