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About the Authors:
Marcel E. Curlin
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliations Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Meei-Li Huang
Affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Xiaoyan Lu
Affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
Connie L. Celum
Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Jorge Sanchez
Affiliation: Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru
Stacy Selke
Affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Jared M. Baeten
Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Richard A. Zuckerman
Affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
Dean D. Erdman
Affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
Lawrence Corey
Affiliations Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Introduction
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are non-enveloped, moderate-sized DNA viruses that cause asymptomatic infection and clinical syndromes, including upper respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, infections of the urinary tract, and serious systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals [1], [2]. HAdVs are grouped into seven species, A–G, and further subdivided into at least 52 known types. HAdV shedding from the lower GI tract may occur in healthy adults [3], [4], [5], but is more common in children (where it may represent a primary infection) [6], [7], [8], [9], immunocompromised individuals [2], and persons with HIV infection, particularly those with symptomatic infection and low CD4 counts [3], [10], [11], [12]. In HIV-infected individuals, HAdV shedding has been associated with lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and proctitis in some [3], [13], [14] but not all studies [5], [10], [12]. However, in many cases other copathogens are also...