Content area
Full text
Yu Guoqing : Yu Guoqing is Physician-in-charge and Assistant Director, Suzhou University Hospital, Suzhou, China.
Zhu Yongxin: Zhu Yongxin is Vice-mayor of Suzhou and Professor, Institute of Applied Psychology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.
Introduction
In a reforming and opening-up China, the saying "Time is money while effectiveness is life" has been accepted by more and more people. Time is a special and rare resource (Drucker, 1985), therefore, there is a close relationship between how to use time effectively and everyone's work, study and life.
Time is a major organizational resource. The effective exploitation and utilization of time has a positive effect on the regular function and development of an organization (Schriber and Gutek, 1987). Management activity consists of five main factors: goal, human, environment, time and information. Time management is a major element of organizational and individual management. How to effectively exploit and utilize time resource connects closely with the chairman of the board, general manager and even down to every grass-roots worker. What is more, the crucial importance of a manager and the typical characters of their work - diversity, complexity and flexibility - gives special importance to time management of different levels and makes it the premise of the whole management activities and the base for working effectiveness. Effectiveness of a manager's work plays the most important role in an organization's existence, development and prosperity.
Accordingly, there has been much research on time management at home and abroad, not only in everyday life but also in the business world. This includes: time dimension and measurement of an organization's culture (Schriber and Gutek, 1987); relationship between time management, performance and pressure (Macan et al., 1990); structure and measurement of time urgency (Landy et al., 1991; Conte et al., 1995); process model of time management (Macan, 1994); analysis of the distribution of a leader's working time (Li Zhiming, 1990), psychological structure of future's time (Huang Xiting, 1994), and so on. The research about time management is multi-aspect, multi-arrangement, and multi-method, but researches into the difference between male and female managers in time management is sparse. With society constantly improving, in every walk of life, more and more women are promoted to management positions, working together with male managers. It is of positive significance to study...