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Abstract: Globalization is examined by theorists such as, Iammanuel Wallerstein, Anthony Giddens, Martin Wolf, Thomas Friedman, Manuel Castells, David Held, Anthony McGrew, and Paul Hirst. However, globalization remains a significant subject area to analyze, theorize, and to empiric. In general, globalization is a contested topic within the field of social sciences through its various meanings. The topic of cultural transmission is a component of globalization; however, this topic has not been examined within all forms of transmission. For example, a critique of cultural transmission is examined through the transmission of racial bias, stereotypes, and prejudice. As a result, there are three central components of this literature review: (1) description of globalization, (2) description of racial bias, and (3) the interconnectedness of cultural transmission through globalization in the form of racial bias. In addition, racial bias transmission is examined through the use of the mass media.
Keywords: globalization; racial bias; cultural transmission
Globalization is an ideology with multiple pedagogies and meanings. Theorists vary greatly in their treatment of globalization. For example, Anthony Giddens focuses on the space and time of individuals' lives with regards to the social systems within society through the process referred to as "time-space distranciation" (Jones, 2010). In addition, Giddens emphasizes the examination of modernity at every sector of contemporary life and argues modernity cannot be examined without the consideration of globalization and vice versa. Anthony Giddens work is expanded upon by theorists David Held and Anthony McGrew. Held and McGrew have a 'revised transformationalist' framework and for them economic globalization suggests an expansion social, political, and economic (Jones, 2010). As a result, there is an intense interconnectedness through interaction and flows. However, Anthony Giddens prospective is counter to Martin Wolf and Thomas Friedman's positive thinking. Wolf and Friedman argue extensively for the neoliberal economic globalization as a means to improve upon human welfare in the twenty-first century (Jones, 2010). For example, Friedman argues globalization is the solution to the current strife categorized through international relations and globalization has a distinct culture of its own within the capitalist system encompassing it (Jones, 2010).
Defining Globalization
It is difficult to concisely define globalization. For example, there are many different epistemological differences which influence theorists' perspectives, thereby limiting the universality of these approaches. A...