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Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2014) 92:525528 DOI 10.1007/s00128-013-1165-6
Haemocyte Apoptosis of the Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Exposed to Cadmium
Jian-An Xian Bin Li Hui Guo Yu-Tao Miao
Jian-Min Ye Li-Na Feng Chao-Xia Ye
Xun-Bin Pan An-Li Wang Xuan-Ming Hao
Received: 17 August 2013 / Accepted: 20 November 2013 / Published online: 28 December 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract This study investigated the effect of ambient Cadmium (Cd) on haemocyte apoptosis of the shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Cellular response was determined in Cd-exposed (0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg L-1) shrimp. Results showed that 0.05 mg L-1 Cd2? had no signicant effect on the haemocyte parameters during the 48 h exposure. Cadmium at doses of 0.5 and 5 mg L-1 depressed the total haemocyte count (THC), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis ratio in haemocytes. Esterase activity increased in shrimp exposed to0.5 mg L-1 Cd2? for 6 h, and decreased to the initial level later. Depressed esterase activity could be observed in shrimp after 24 and 48 h exposure to 5 mg L-1 Cd2?. These results demonstrated that Cd2? modied esterase activity and induced ROS generation, which led to haemocyte apoptosis and THC reduction. Oxidative stress is one of the induction mechanisms for Cd-caused apoptosis of shrimp haemocytes.
Keywords Cadmium Apoptosis Haemocyte
Tiger shrimp Flow cytometry
Heavy metals are widespread environmental contaminants. In South China, water has been seriously polluted by heavy metal contamination from industrial, agricultural and commercial chemicals, especially in sediments (Vane et al. 2009). Cadmium (Cd) is one of the highly toxic heavy metals, which are known to be a threat to the health and survival of aquatic animals, including crustaceans. Previous studies have shown that Cd affected the metabolic, physiological and immune status of crustaceans (Wu and Chen 2004; Felten et al. 2008). However, little effort has been directed at investigating its toxic effects at a cellular level (Chang et al. 2009; Jose et al. 2011; Xian et al. 2013).
Haemocytes play a vital role in the immune defense system of crustaceans (Johansson et al. 2000). Loss and damage of haemocytes depresses the immune ability and even endangers organism survival (Lorenzon et al. 2001; Xian et al. 2010). Previous research has reported that environmental Cd stress lowered...