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J Mater Sci: Mater Med (2009) 20:17091720 DOI 10.1007/s10856-009-3726-0
Human tissue allograft processing: impact on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility
S. Fawzi-Grancher R. M. Goebbels E. Bigare O. Cornu P. Gianello C. Delloye D. Dufrane
Received: 6 October 2008 / Accepted: 2 March 2009 / Published online: 20 March 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Abstract This work investigates the impact of chemical and physical treatments on biocompatibility for human bone/tendon tissues. Nontreated and treated tissues were compared. In vitro testing assessed indirect and direct cytotoxicity. Tissues were subcutaneously implanted in rats to assess the immunological, recolonization, and revascularization processes at 24 weeks postimplantation. No signicant cytotoxicity was found for freeze-dried treated bones and tendons in comparison to control. The cellular adhesion was signicantly reduced for cells seeded on these treated tissues after 24 h of direct contact. A significant cytotoxicity was found for frozen treated bones in comparison to freeze-dried treated bones. Tissue remodeling with graft stability, no harmful inammation, and neo-vascularization was observed for freeze-dried chemically treated bones and tendons. Frozen-treated bones were characterized by a lack of matrix recolonization at 4 weeks postimplantation. In conclusion, chemical processing with freeze-drying of human tissues maintains in vitro bio-compatibility and in vivo tissue remodeling for clinical application.
1 Introduction
The transplantation of human tissue (bone, tendon, cartilage, etc.) is an important component of the treatment of bone and soft tissue defects [1]. Tissues are extensively used in orthopedic (trauma, revision of total hip and knee arthroplasty), neurosurgery (dura mater substitutes), abdominal (wall defects repair), otorhinolaryngological, and periodontal surgery [18]. Human tissue allograft has many advantages over autograft, for example, lack of donor morbidity (postoperative pain, decrease of surgical time), and it is relatively quick and easy to use. However, allograft tissues remain associated with a potential for infection and rejection, as compared with autograft tissues.
One complication of both organ and tissue allotrans-plantation is the transmission of infectious diseases from the donor to the recipient. Among the potential transmissible diseases, viruses and prions are the most difcult to track from the donor. The transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), bacterial contamination, and HIV through human grafts has been well documented [913]. Lelie et al. [14] have estimated that the risk of virus transmission is...