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Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, UMRS970, Paris 75014, France (A.Loupy). Comprehensive Transplant Center, Kidney Transplant Program and Transplant Immunotherapy Program, CedarsSinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, LosAngeles, CA 90048, USA (S.C. Jordan). Correspondence to: S.C. Jordan mailto:[email protected]
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AcknowledgementsWe would like to acknowledge the support of the Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre University Paris, Descartes and the Transplant Immunotherapy Program and HLA Laboratory at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
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compiled data from a limited number of studies, all of which were retrospective and uncontrolled, making bias in the final analysis likely. Other issues are the probable variation in allocation policies, immunosuppressive regimens and patient characteristics, and the potentially heterogeneous interpretation of the term low DSA titres, among the included studies, as well as the likely existence of interassay and intraassay variations despite normalization procedures.9 Although numerous studies have shown an incremental increase in the risk of antibodymediated rejection and graft loss with increasing DSA MFI,...