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At the first glance, the comparison of Jews and Russians in the Russian economical mythology suggests that in the early period (11 th through 16th centuries), religion set a framework for their antinomy whereas later (17th through 19th centuries), the role of religion was gradually reduced to mere form, filled up with economical substance. However the picture gets more complicated if we take into account that even at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Russia was still governed (and for the most part populated) by superstitious people, largely uninterested in economy. Although the form of the Russian nationalism (including anti-Semitism) was progressively adjusted to the Western patterns of economical mythology, its substance retained that symbiotic totality of religious and economical imagination, which was compatible with both Russian monarchy and Soviet socialism.
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