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Sultan Alsuhaibani [1] and Masood A. Khan [2]

Academic Editor: Jacek Tabarkiewicz

1, Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, qu.edu.sa

2, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, qu.edu.sa

Received Jun 7, 2017; Accepted Oct 17, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

Antibiotics in a modern therapeutic system have been tremendously used in controlling the infectious diseases [1]. Due to the extensive use of antibiotics, there has been an emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of many pathogens that are posing serious challenges to the clinicians [2]. There is a dire need to find suitable replacements for some of the currently used antibiotics [3–5]. Moreover, some antibacterial and antifungal agents exhibit serious untoward effects in the treated persons [6–8].

Salmonella infections pose an important public health problem all over the world [9]. Salmonella spp. cause a variety of diseases, from enteritis to fatal infections in animals, and food-borne infection to typhoid fever in humans. Typhoid is one of the most communicable diseases in India [4]. Recent reports of decreased susceptibility of Salmonella to some antibiotics are a matter of big concern among the clinicians and scientists [4]. The intracellular survival of Salmonella hinders its elimination from the host and thus the treatment of typhoid. Moreover, Salmonella adopts many strategies to evade the immune system of the host [10, 11].

T. cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi or Giloy, is used as a medicine for centuries in the Ayurvedic and Unani systems of the medicine. T. cordifolia extract contains many constituents such as alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and polysaccharides [12]. It has been shown to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties [13, 14]. The aqueous extract of T. cordifolia has been shown to protect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infections [15, 16]. T. cordifolia enhances the phagocytic and intracellular bactericidal activities of macrophages and neutrophils against E. coli-induced peritonitis [15]. The active ingredient, G 1-4A, of a dry stem of T. cordifolia protected mice against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced endotoxic shock by modulating the...

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