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Abstract
O que crianças e adolescentes fazem fora da escola ou como utilizam o seu tempo livre tem sido objeto de estudo para diversos pesquisadores. Estes têm destacado a necessidade de levantar dados sobre estas atividades e como as mesmas podem influenciar diferentes aspectos, tais como: desempenho acadêmico, desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo e de habilidades sociais, entre outros; além de conjugar duas variáveis importantes à infância e à adolescência: a proteção social e a educação. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta questões envolvidas em atividades extracurriculares para crianças e adolescentes, denominadas de ações socioeducativas no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão da literatura que apresenta a importância das atividades extracurriculares, quais os principais impactos destas ações aos seus participantes apresentados em pesquisas realizadas por diversos investigadores. As considerações apontam a necessidade da realização de estudos empíricos sobre o tema no Brasil, a fim de detectar se os dados elencados pela literatura internacional se fazem presentes no país. Além disso, informações dessa natureza poderão ser úteis para planejar e executar políticas públicas para crianças e adolescentes fora do contexto educacional ou para a ampliação da jornada escolar e implantação de escolas de tempo integral que fomentem impactos positivos na aprendizagem de estudantes das escolas brasileiras.
What children and adolescents do outside of school or how they use their free time has been an object of a number of studies. These have highlighted the necessity of gathering data about these activities and how they can influence: academic performance, physical, cognitive and social abilities development, among others. Besides, they unite two important variables to childhood and adolescence which are the social protection and education. Therefore, this article presents some questions involved in extracurricular activities for children and adolescents named, in Brazil, “ações socioeducativas” (socio-educative actions/programs). This literature review shows the importance of extracurricular activities and what the main impacts of these programs are to its participants through surveys conducted by different investigators. The considerations of this article point to the necessity of doing empirical studies about this theme in Brazil, in order to detect if the data highlighted by the international literature are representative in this country. In addition to this, this kind of information can be useful when planning and executing public policies for children and adolescents outside of the educational context or by the extension of school hours and the implementation of full time schools that develop positive aspects in the students’ learning at the Brazilian schools.
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