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1. Green transportation in smart cities
A smart city is an urban area that uses multiple electronic internet sensors to collect the data and then use its insights to manage the property, resources and services efficiently (Gohar et al., 2018). The smart city included data obtained from residents, sensors and assets controlled and evaluated for traffic and transport systems monitoring and management, power plants, infrastructure, waste management, crime detection, information systems, schools, library, hospitals, etc. (Silva et al., 2018). The efficiency of municipal operations, services and the Smart City concept incorporate information technology ICT and various physical devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) network internet (Rizk-Allah et al., 2018). City leaders can connect directly with the community and the town’s infrastructure and track transition to the city (Esmaeilian et al., 2018) using smart urban technology. ICT is used to improve the quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption and increase contacts amongst the public (Sathishkumar et al., 2020). Smart city applications have been developed for urban flows to manage and enable real-time replies. Thus, a smart city will be able to tackle the problems of its people more than one with a simple “transaction-based” relationship (Zhu et al., 2018). The term itself, however, remains ambiguous and, therefore, subject to various interpretations. Smart cities are driven by the significant change in technology, the economy and the environment, such as climate change, globalization, online shopping, entertainment, aging demographics, urban population growth and public finances (Gope et al., 2018).
However, the most commonly used “smart” term can be found in six key fields, irrespective of the concept of a smart city: intelligent mobility, the environment, living, people, economics and administration, as given in Figure 1. Smart mobility is emphasized in this report. It should be able to point out the intelligent solutions (Yigitcanlar et al., 2018). It cannot be limited to this single parameter, because citizen mobility and the efficiency of urban transport systems interlink to most civic activities and affect all aspects of quality of life in urban areas (Sajjad et al., 2020). A “smart city” is more to help alleviate congestion than roads with automobiles. The smart city concept is...