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Abstract. An experiment was carried out to develop a protocol for callus induction of Ephedra strobilacea Bunge from embryo. Different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation, and the following hormonal ranges: 2, 4-D: 1 Kin: 1 (mg L-1) and 2, 4-D: 1 BA: 0.1 (mg L-1) had showed the highest callus induction and the highest fresh weight, respectively. Meanwhile, ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine contents in callus were analyzed and we found that at NAA: 1 Kin: 1 (mg L-1) range the ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine contents had significantly increased compared to the other treatments.
Key word: Ephedra strobilacea Bunge, tissue culture, ephedrine, pseudo-ephedrine, chemical contents.
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Резюме: Эκсперимент проводился с целью развития эмбриональных κаллуса индуκции в Ephedra strobilacea Bunge Для получения лучшего κаллусообразования были протестированы различные типы и κонцентрации регуляторов роста. Высоκий κаллусогенез и свежий вес был получен при использывании гормонов: 2,4-Д: 1 Кин: 1 (мгл-1) и 2,4-Д: 1 ба: 0.1 (мгл-1), соответственно. В эмбриогенном κаллусе были исследованны эфедрин и псевдо-эфедрин и при использывании гормонов НУК: 1 Кин: 1 (мгл-1) содержание эфедрин и псевдо-эфедрин значительно возросла.
Ключевое слово: Ephedra strobilacea, эфедрин, псевдоэфедрин.
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Introduction. Contemporary medicinal plant serves mans life in many aspects and subjects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microorganisms or even anticancer drugs are covered by them. Undoubtedly the importance of medicinal plants exists in producing their priceless, valuable secondary metabolites. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order of Ephedrales that is introduced as a medicinal plant (Friedman 1996). These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the northern hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America and in the southern hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. Interestingly, Ephedra is a source of valuable secondary metabolites such as antioxidant, antimicrobials and alkaloids but the main activity of this plant is related to its alkaloids, 1-ephedrin and d-pseudoephedrin (Parsaeimehr et al 2010ab; Inoko et al 2007; Ganzera et al 2005). Various Ephedra species have had different reacts to the ranges of phytohormones in invitro studies but some general outcome were always been observed.
Velichko &...