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ABSTRACT
Smart grid concept is solidly based on the use of intelligent electronic devices and automated technologies on the power system. This work understudies the current Nigerian power network plan and formulates a model for integrating smart grid technology into the power system for optimized performance. The envisioned smart grid must be resilient and posses a high level of dynamic performance. It should also be able to accommodate all generation types especially the renewable energy sources.
KEYWORDS: power network, intelligent, smart grid, digital technology, economics, energy, security.
I. INTRODUCTION
A smart grid is a computerized electrical grid that combines the technologies of computers, sensors and other automated systems for fault detection and resolution. It should be able to gather, analyze and respond to information, such as behavior of loads and generators at buses and even the behavior of the entire grid to improve the efficiency, reliability, flexibility, security, economics and sustainability of the electric grid. The E.U. through the European Technology Platform Smart grid [ETF Smart grid] defines the smart grid as an electrical network that can intelligently integrate the action of all users to it generators and consumers in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supply [7].
In U.S., through the Department of Energy (DOE) Smart grid is defined as a grid that will incorporate digital technology to improve reliability, security and efficiency of the electric system through information exchange, distributed generation and storage resources, which will result in a "fully automated power delivery network''[7]. The work as presented in this paper studies the already existing Nigerian power network, compares it with that of developed nations like Europe and America, then extracts a model that will be peculiar to the Nigerian scenario especially in the area of renewable energy sources.
II. TRADITIONAL GRID AND FUTURE GRID
The traditional electricity grid as shown in fig 1.0 though rated fairly reliable in some parts of the world and not very reliable in some parts and is currently facing some global challenges. The over dependence of today's electrical system on resources that seem to tend to zero in the midst of an ever increasing demand for electricity is a major challenge. The uni-directional power flow nature of the traditional grid has made it...